CONTENTS: SCIENCE AND ADVANCED EXPERIENCE Genomics Glazko V.I., Kosovsky G.Yu., Blokhina T.V., Gaponova I.I., Glazko T.T. Intraspecific Polymorphism of the Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) in the Fur Farming and in the Hunting Grounds.................................. 3
Summary. The comparative analysis of the polylocus genotyping of genomic DNA fragments flanked by inverted microsatellite repeats (ISSR-PCR markers) and pieces of long terminal repeats of endogenous retroviruses (IRAP-PCR markers) in two groups of common foxes was carried out. The first group was trapped in the Volgograd region, the second group of foxes in a number of generations was kept in the conditions of the fur farming of the Moscow region, Pushkino. The data obtained indicated that the level of polymorphism on the expected heterozygosity and the proportion of polymorphic loci was higher in foxes from the Volgograd region compared to animals in fur farming. The greatest differences between the groups of foxes were found in the spectra of IRAP-PCR markers. The relatively low polymorphism of the foxes in the fur farming compared to the group of foxes from the hunting farm may be due to the feature of selection and reproduction in the conditions of the fur farming. The data obtained suggest that the use of retrotransposon fragments (IRAP-PCR markers) as primers in the polymerase chain reaction makes it possible to detect interpopulation differences in foxes more effectively than microsatellite loci (ISSR-PCR markers).
Keywords: red fox, intraspecific polymorphism, microsatellite, ISSR-PCR, endogenous retroviruses, IRAP-PCR. e-mail: vigvalery@gmail.com
Reproductive Biotechnology Popov D.V., Maksudov G.Yu., Shipova S.P., Vinogradova E.V., Kosovsky G.Yu. Characteristics of Embryos Obtained from Rabbit Females Using Various Methods of Induction of Superovulation................................................................................... 9
Summary. The comparative analysis of the polylocus genotyping of genomic DNA fragments flanked by inverted microsatellite repeats (ISSR-PCR markers) and pieces of long terminal repeats of endogenous retroviruses (IRAP-PCR markers) in two groups of common foxes was carried out. The first group was trapped in the Volgograd region, the second group of foxes in a number of generations was kept in the conditions of the fur farming of the Moscow region, Pushkino. The data obtained indicated that the level of polymorphism on the expected heterozygosity and the proportion of polymorphic loci was higher in foxes from the Volgograd region compared to animals in fur farming. The greatest differences between the groups of foxes were found in the spectra of IRAP-PCR markers. The relatively low polymorphism of the foxes in the fur farming compared to the group of foxes from the hunting farm may be due to the feature of selection and reproduction in the conditions of the fur farming. The data obtained suggest that the use of retrotransposon fragments (IRAP-PCR markers) as primers in the polymerase chain reaction makes it possible to detect interpopulation differences in foxes more effectively than microsatellite loci (ISSR-PCR markers).
Keywords: red fox, intraspecific polymorphism, microsatellite, ISSR-PCR, endogenous retroviruses, IRAP-PCR.
e-mail: vigvalery@gmail.com Veterinary Science Semikrasova A.N., Petrova I.V., Grishina L.E., Kulikova N.I., Kosovsky G.Yu. Study of the Enteritis Etiology in Cage-Keeping Sables..................................................................................................................... 16 Summary. Sable has always been valuable for its fur, so it was always hunted. As a result, the wild sable was almost completely destroyed. In the 20s of the last century, the first attempts were made to breed sable in captivity. Years of hard work brought the results, and, in the famous "Pushkin" fur farms (FSUE "Russian Sable"), in 1932, the female gave the first offspring. Since that time, the active breeding of sable in cages began [2].
For the long-term practice of breeding fur-bearing animals, high resistance of cage-keeping sable to infectious diseases was noted. But in recent years, there has been a tendency to the incidence of sable enteritis of various etiologies.
Enteritis is among the most common diseases of fur animals. Enteritis is characterized by inflammation of the intestinal mucosa with subsequent functional impairment of motor and secretory activity. Young individuals are most susceptible to the disease. Since enteritis causes great economic damage, in connection with the death of animals, so it is an urgent problem to establish the etiology of the occurrence of enteritis in sables.
To study the etiology of the disease, a biomaterial from sables with signs of enteritis was delivered to the Department of Biotechnology of the FSBSI NIIPZK
As a result of analyzes of material from some sables that died due to clinical signs of enteritis, DNA of parvovirus enteritis was isolated, RGA (hemagglutination reaction) revealed antigen in titers from 1:2 to 1:128. During histological examination in the lumen of the crypts of the small intestine, ballonized cells were detected - a characteristic feature of mink parvovirus enteritis.
Keywords: sable, parvovirus, enteritis, PCR, DSA, ballonized cells
e-mail: niipzk@mail.ru
Animal Breeding and Tribal Work Fedoseeva G.A. Variability and Inheritance of Ferret Hair Color................................................................................................................................. 20
Summary. Ferrets belong to the family of Mustelidae and to a genus of ferrets (Mustela). In fur farming, ferrets created by crossing of a wild black ferret and domesticated furo are bred. It inherited the coloring of the hairline like the black ferret had and calm temper and good maternal qualities like the furo. In the early years, both furo and hybrid ferrets were used for cage-keeping breeding. At the present time, furo are practically not diluted due to a pronounced yellow tint of color. In the herd of any farm that breeds ferrets, you can find individuals with hair color ranging from light cream to bright orange with gradual transitions. To evaluate the overall color, animals with orange underfur of varying intensity were referred to golden type and animals with a light cream with an ash-gray undertone of underfur were referred to the pearl group. The overall color of pastel ferrets varies from light brown to brown (chocolate). White ferrets are typical albinos with a white or yellow-white hair.
As a result of research, it has been established that ferrets of the pearly and golden types of coloring have one main coloring genotype, and the severity of pearl and golden hues is due to polygenes. The gene causing pastel coloration is the allele of the white gene and it dominates white gene, but the dominance is incomplete: homozygous pastel ferrets significantly differ from heterozygous in darker hair color. The silver color of ferrets is due to polygenes. Ferrets with high spotting are dominant homozygotes, and with low spotting they are heterozygotes.
Keywords: ferrets, color of hair, inheritance, variability, selection, reproductive ability.
e-mail: niipzk@mai.ru Feeds and Feeding of Farm Animals Kvartnikova E.G., Kordyukov N.P., Kosovsky G.Yu., Kvartnikov M.P., Yakhin A.Ya. Balance of Water Soluble Vitamins in the Organism of Young Rabbits............................................................................................ 26
Summary. The article presents the results of scientific studies conducted on young rabbits of the Soviet Chinchilla breed, we defined water-soluble vitamins in feed, secretions and organs by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). As a result of the physiological experiment, during which rabbits in groups received complete granulated mix feed (CGMF) contained different quantities of vitamins, it was found that the content of water-soluble vitamins (B1, B2, B6, PP) in the feces of animals of all groups is on average 90% according to vitamin content in the consumed feed, B1 - at the level of 80%, in the cecum chyme the vitamin content exceeds its content in the consumed feed 2.2 - 6.3 times, that is, the organism of young rabbit constantly has a supply of water-soluble vitamins, several times higher than their content in stern.
The content of vitamins B1, B2, B6 in the liver of young rabbits is several times lower than in the chyme of the cecum, the content of vitamin B3 (PP) in the liver and chyme is approximately at the same level.
The addition of water-soluble vitamin to CGMF entails a greater release of it with feces and its accumulation in the chyme of the cecum, and, animals of group 1 (control, without additives) digested water-soluble vitamins significantly better than animals of group 2, which received with feed these vitamins. Analysis of the balance of water-soluble vitamins in the organism of young rabbit suggests that the caecum microbiome plays a decisive role in this process, that is, the addition of synthetic water-soluble vitamins to CGMF does not make sense, but only increases the cost of feeding.
Keywords: young rabbits, water-soluble vitamins, balance of vitamins, cecum, chyme, cecotrophagy.
e-mail: niipzk@mail.ru Breakthrough Biotechnology and Practice .................................................................................................................................. 31 To the memory of A.T. Erin............................................................................................................................................................ 37 Articles published in the journal "Krolikovodstvo i Zverovodstvo" in 2018.................................................................................... 39